Graphing Calculator on OS X Graphing Calculator is now available as a native Mac OS X application. Order here.     Power Macintosh Graphing Calculator 1.0 Secrets

DISCLAIMER: The items below refer to Graphing Calaculator 1.0 from 1994. Some of the functionality has been restored in the current commercial release, some is only available in the original 1.0 software. I've left this page posted as a historical document for amusement, though the information below is long out of date. The following has been neither tested, nor documented. I make no assurances as to its correctness or its usefulness for any purpose. The functionality is derived from an old Macintosh application called Milo parts of which are embedded in Adobe FrameMaker. While developing the Calculator, it was easier and safer to leave the code compiled in than to selectively comment out parts which weren't used. Most of the effort developing the Calculator was applied towards successive refinement of the interface to make it as unintimidating as possible for a first-time user. In as much as the following hidden keyboard chords can be considered a user interface, I find the dynamic range of product's usability to be amusingly large. The following hidden features exist in both the Graphing Calculator application bundled with MacOS systems and NuCalc 1.0 (the version of Graphing Calucator built for 680x0 Macintosh computers shipped by Key Curriculum Press). However, they do not exist in Version 2.0 now shipping on Windows. There is a version of the Graphing Calculator which runs on 680x0 Macs. Edit Graphic Object (EGO) AppleEvent Suite support The Calculator can be used as an equation editor for word processors. Equations can be pasted as pictures in a word processing document. Those pictures contain the equation data as a PICT comment so that they can still be edited in the Calculator. Nisus, MacWrite Pro, WordPerfect, allow double-clicking or command-double-clicking on a picture in the word processor to launch NuCalc and send over the appropriate data in an AppleEvent. There used to be a Word 5.x plug-in called EGO for Word to support this AppleEvent suite. It no longer works in Word 6.0 and the company which created it, Prescience, no longer exists. The plug-in may still be bundled with ChemDraw. Equations can be dragged onto the desktop to create clipping files. (Since the Drag manager didn't ship with the original Power Macintosh, this was a hidden feature when the Calculator first shipped.) Graphs can be dragged from the graph pane onto the desktop to create clipping files. These clipping files can be dragged back onto the equation pane to paste them back into the Calculator. Option-Paste or Option-Drag of picture texture maps onto surfaces Benchmark mode: control-click on play button will time one cycle of an animation On-screen drawing mode: control-click on Graph button disables off-screen buffering Non-bitmap copy during on-screen drawing mode allowing saving and printing the graph at full resolution Option & Shift-tab navigates the expression tree Cmd-(Option)-(Shift)-arrow keys Option-minus negates the current selection The resource fork contains ResEdit templates for modifying the palettes, the online documentation, and the self-running demos. Adobe FrameMaker contains all the following computation functionality, via the nine page Equations palette as part of FrameMath which uses the same code as the Graphing Calculator. If you type an equation in Adobe FrameMaker on the Macintosh and use the "Graph Equation" command in the Equation Palette popup menu, it will send the equation to the Graphing Calculator (launching it if necessary) to graph it. The code in Graphing Calculator is available for embedding in other applications through source code licensing. "More options" mode. The computer algebra commands of Milo and FrameMaker are embedded within the Graphing Calculator through byzantine hidden keyboard chords. I apologize for the cryptic names.

Command-Option-Shift-M enables and disables the following keyboard commands: k=control c=command o=option s=shift Computation Commands k y Simplify (same as in menu) ko y Simplify without combining fractions; useful for maintaining units ko d Differentiate one level k d Differentiate (same as in menu) c [ Convert negative powers to division co [ Convert negative powers to division one level c ] Convert division to negative powers co ] Convert division to negative powers one level k f Factor selected term out of sum ko f Factor terms out of sum containing selection k o Order polynomial in terms of selection ko o Reverse order polynomial in terms of selection k l Long divide polynomial in selected variable k w Multiply out ko w Multiply out one level c m Perform matrix arithmetic ko t Transpose Matrix k j Distribute k k Evaluate Numerically ko k Show all digits k \ Perform substitution k 1 Create dummy variable k 2 Enter Definition k 3 Apply definition k i Integrate (only works on polynomials, sorry) k = Distribute operations over equality k r Add fractions k ( Remove extra parenthesis ko E Convert trig expressions to exponentials ko B Convert trig expressions to sines and cosines ko V Convert vector expressions to matrices ko T Taylor expansion (of sin, cos, and exponential) co S Expand in Spherical coordinates co R Expand in Rectangular coordinates co C Expand in Cylindrical coordinates kco S Convert Rectangular to Spherical kco R Convert Spherical to Rectangular k P Pull out all terms in extended sum or product k p Pull out one term from extended sum or product

Typesetting Commands cso left arrow Swap selection with term to the left cso right arrow Swap selection with term to the right so left arrow Nudge selection 5 pixels left so right arrow Nudge selection 5 pixels right so up arrow Nudge selection 5 pixels up so down arrow Nudge selection 5 pixels down o left arrow Nudge selection 1 pixels left o right arrow Nudge selection 1 pixels right o up arrow Nudge selection 1 pixels up o down arrow Nudge selection 1 pixels down kc b Bottom align terms (in matrix or list) kc t Top align terms (in matrix or list) kc g Baseline align terms (in matrix or list) kc r Right align terms (in matrix or vertical list) kc w Left align terms (in matrix or vertical list) kc e Center align terms (in matrix or vertical list) kc f Align terms in vertical list on = kc B Bold kc I Italic kc P Plain kc a Set alignment mark to right or selection kc s Clear alignment mark kc n Toggle fixed/proportional matrix width kc N Toggle fixed/proportional matrix height c 8 Add white space to selection on top c 5 Add white space to selection on bottom c 4 Add white space to selection on left c 6 Add white space to selection on right c 7 Remove all extra white space co 8 Subtract white space from selection on top co 5 Subtract white space from selection on bottom co 4 Subtract white space from selection on left co 6 Subtract white space from selection on right cso 3 Line break to left of selection co 3 Clear line breaks c 3 Line break to right of selection

Greek Letters and Special Symbols o a alpha o b beta o c chi o d delta o D DELTA kc E epsilon o f phi o F Phi ko F script phi o g gamma o G GAMMA o h eta ko I iota o k kappa o l lambda o L Lambda o M mu ko M nu o P pi o Q theta ko Q script theta o r rho o s sigma o S Sigma o C script sigma o t tau ko u upsilon o U Upsilon o w omega o W Omega o x xi o X Xi o y psi o Y Psi o z zeta o 5 Infinity ko P perpendicular o ; ellipsis o A aleph kco i I fraktur kco r R fraktur ko W Weierstraus o O Empty Set ko D Del

Diacritical Marks o ^ Hat o V Vector o ~ Tilde below _ Box below ~ Tilde above _ Bar ` Prime

Operations co h Upper index before selection co l Lower index before selection k n Add operand to selection k ; Add operand to selection k t Total derivative co t Total derivative co p Partial derivative o , Add row to matrix ko , Add column to matrix c , Add column to matrix c h Upper index after selection c l Lower index after selection k space Toggle display spacing k , Add index ± Plus or minus o { Left brace o } Right brace o | Substitution k a Vertical list ko > Right arrow o [ Matrix [ ( Function o 1 Integral o 6 Gradient ko 6 Laplacian o 7 Div so 7 Curl o 8 Vector Dot so 8 Vector Cross kso - Swap o . Dot 0 / Fraction o < Less than or equal o > Greater than or equal o 4 Extended summation so 4 Extended product : Left arrow o = Unary equals (for typesetting purposes) ; Horizontal list , Comma separated list \ Begin string { Commutator

All the examples require first entering "more options mode" by typing: Command-Option-Shift-M To produce the Taylor expansion example shown at the top, type: "s i n x = s i n x" Select the right hand side. Control-option-shift-T Select and replace the infinity with "n". Make n vary between 0 and 10 in 10 steps.

To produce the matrix multiply example shown above, use: option-a, option-b, option-g to type alpha, beta, and gamma "\epsilon"-<return> to type epsilon option-[ to create a 1x1 matrix option-, to add column control-option-, to add rows command-m to symbolically multiply the matrices To produce the evaluation example shown above, use: option - | to create the substitution template control-; to add the upper and lower limits to it control-\ to evaluate the expression between the endpoint control-\ to evaluate the expression at each endpoint

To produce the trig example shown above, use: control-option-shift-E to convert the sin and cos into exponential form control-w to multiply out the squares control-r to put the result over a common denominator control-y to simplify To produce the vector example shown above, use: option-8 to get a dot product option-shift-8 to get a cross product option-shift-V to make the letters vectors control-option-shift-V to convert the vectors into column matrices command-m to multiply the matrices control-w to multiply out the resulting terms

To produce the integral example shown above, type: option-1 to create the integral x d x control-; "a" control-; "b" to add the limits Select All, Copy, =, Paste control-i to convert the rewrite the definite integral control-i again to evaluate the indefinite integrals control-\ to rewrite as a difference between the endpoints control-\ again to evaluate the substitutions To produce the trig example below, Type the left hand side and select everything. control-option-shift-B to convert the trig to sines and cosines control-r to put everything over a common denominator control-option-shift-E to rewrite as exponential control-r, control-w, control-y to simplify

Version 1.0 Downloads Version 1.0 is the original release which has shipped on over 10,000,000 machines since 1994. It is the last version available for 680x0 Macintosh computers. Download 1.0 for 680x0 Download 1.0 for Power Macintosh

NuCalc 1.0 and Activity Book NuCalc 1.0 is the commercial 680x0 version of the popular and free PowerPC Graphing Calculator. Tim Erickson's Introducing Dynamic Algebra with NuCalc book is built around the theme of transformations and composition of functions. It helps students analyze plots of functions and determine how to build them from the basic polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions. This product was published by Key Curriculum Press but is now out of print.

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